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What Is a Layer-1 Blockchain? The Base Layer Powering Bitcoin and Crypto
A layer-1, or L1, blockchain is the base network of a blockchain ecosystem. It operates independently—without relying on other chains for validation or execution—and handles everything from transaction processing to consensus and data storage on its own ledger. Often called the mainnet or settlement layer, a layer-1 blockchain forms the ground floor upon which all other blockchain layers, including sidechains and layer-2s, are built. Where layer-2s extend performance on top of existing networks, layer-1s stand alone. They define their own rules, run their own validators, and issue their own native tokens. ... (full story)