Macroeconomic and Foreign Exchange Policies of Major Trading Partners of the United States

Trump to Israel's Channel 12 News: I am considering a massive attack. Larger than anything that has been done before. I am close to making a decision. President Trump told Axios on Thursday that he is seriously considering restarting major combat operations in Iran including strikes that would be bigger than the ones carried out during "Operation Epic Fury." Why it matters: In a brief interview, Trump acknowledged that such a decision would have consequences and stressed he hasn't made a determination yet. Trump didn't give a deadline for his decision. Two other U.S. officials confirmed no call has been made and no new orders have been given to the military. Trump Tells Axios That Iran Is Not Ready To Make A Deal.

Eu's Foreign Minister Kallas: Houthis Must Cease All Actions That Endanger International Shipping And Lives Of Seafarers. Eu's Foreign Minister Kallas: Eu's Apides Naval Operation Remains Firmly Committed To Protecting Freedom Of Navigation In Red Sea And Surrounding International Waters.

The Governing Council today decided to keep the three key ECB interest rates unchanged. The outlook for energy prices, while highly volatile, currently stands close to the baseline of the June Eurosystem staff projections and well above the levels recorded prior to the conflict in the Middle East. Uncertainty remains high and the full inflationary impact of the energy shock has yet to play out. The Governing Council is therefore closely monitoring the intensity and duration of the shock, as well as its indirect and second-round effects. The Governing Council is committed to setting monetary policy to ensure that inflation stabilises at its 2% target in the medium term. Ecb Interest Rate Decision (jul) Actual: 2.40% Vs 2.40% Previous; Forecast 2.40% Ecb Deposit Facility Rate (jul) Actual: 2.25% Vs 2.25% Previous; Forecast 2.25% Ecb Marginal Lending Facility Actual: 2.65% Vs 2.65% Previous; Forecast 2.65% ECB not pre-committing to a particular rate path ECB: Outlook for energy prices, while highly volatile, currently stands close to baseline of june Eurosystem staff projections and well above levels recorded prior to conflict in Middle East. ECB keeps interest rates on hold, avoids rattling markets The European Central Bank just decided to keep interest rates unchanged. Through the rearview mirror, this decision clearly makes sense. Headline inflation has actually come down, there are very few signs of knock-on effects from higher energy prices, and the eurozone economy has shown some resilience to the current oil price shock. It’s only survey-based inflation expectations that have gone up and will be a concern for the ECB. Looking ahead, however, the decision of whether to keep interest rates unchanged is not so straightforward. In fact, the latest increase in energy prices has actually pushed the ECB closer to its more severe macro scenarios, calling for another rate hike – at least when following the ECB’s own logic and reaction function, presented at the June meeting. Unless oil prices start dropping significantly over the next weeks, the ECB’s own macro projections in September will call for another rate hike, loud and clear. Against this background, the ECB could have also opted for a rate hike today, following a 'never put off until tomorrow what you can do today' principle. Instead, it seems the central bank got cold feet and didn’t want to break the well-established tradition of never surprising markets that has developed in recent years.