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Economic News Release
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Employment Situation News Release

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until	          USDL-23-0151
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, February 3, 2023

Technical information: 
 Household data:       (202) 691-6378  *  cpsinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/cps
 Establishment data:   (202) 691-6555  *  cesinfo@bls.gov  *  www.bls.gov/ces

Media contact:	       (202) 691-5902  *  PressOffice@bls.gov


                           THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION -- JANUARY 2023                           


Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 517,000 in January, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 3.4 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job
growth was widespread, led by gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and 
business services, and health care. Employment also increased in government, partially
reflecting the return of workers from a strike.

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey 
measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The
establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For 
more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys,
see the Technical Note.

 _______________________________________________________________________________________
|											|
|			Changes to The Employment Situation Data			|
|											|
| Establishment survey data have been revised as a result of the annual benchmarking 	|
| process, the NAICS 2022 conversion, and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors.  |
| Also, household survey data for January 2023 reflect updated population estimates. 	|
| See the notes at the end of this news release for more information.			|
|_______________________________________________________________________________________|


Household Survey Data

Both the unemployment rate, at 3.4 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 5.7 
million, changed little in January. The unemployment rate has shown little net movement 
since early 2022. (See table A-1. See the note at the end of this news release and tables
B and C for more information about annual population adjustments to the household survey
estimates.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.2 percent), adult
women (3.1 percent), teenagers (10.3 percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.4 percent),
Asians (2.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.5 percent) showed little change in January. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks decreased to 1.9 million in January. The
number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially 
unchanged at 1.1 million. The long-term unemployed accounted for 19.4 percent of the total
unemployed in January. (See table A-12.)

In January, both the labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, and the employment-
population ratio, at 60.2 percent, were unchanged after removing the effects of the annual
adjustments to the population controls. These measures have shown little net change since
early 2022 and remain below their pre-pandemic February 2020 levels (63.3 percent and 61.1
percent, respectively). (See table A-1. For additional information about the effects of 
the population adjustments, see table C.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons, at 4.1 million, was little
changed in January. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-
time jobs. (See table A-8.)

The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.3 million in
January, little changed from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as 
unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding
the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)

Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally 
attached to the labor force, at 1.4 million, changed little in January. These individuals
wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 
months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of 
discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were 
available for them, was also little changed over the month at 342,000. (See Summary 
table A.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 517,000 in January, compared with an average 
monthly gain of 401,000 in 2022. Job growth was widespread in January, led by gains in 
leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, and health care. Employment
also increased in government, partially reflecting the return of workers from a strike.
(See table B-1. See the note at the end of this new release and table A for more 
information about the annual benchmark process.)

Leisure and hospitality added 128,000 jobs in January compared with an average of 89,000
jobs per month in 2022. Over the month, food services and drinking places added 99,000
jobs, while employment continued to trend up in accommodation (+15,000). Employment in
leisure and hospitality remains below its pre-pandemic February 2020 level by 495,000,
or 2.9 percent.

In January, employment in professional and business services rose by 82,000, led by gains
in professional, scientific, and technical services (+41,000). Job growth in professional
and business services averaged 63,000 per month in 2022.

Government employment increased by 74,000 in January. Employment in state government
education increased by 35,000, reflecting the return of university workers after a 
strike. 

Health care added 58,000 jobs in January. Job growth occurred in ambulatory health care 
services (+30,000), nursing and residential care facilities (+17,000), and hospitals 
(+11,000). In 2022, health care added an average of 47,000 jobs per month.

Employment in retail trade rose by 30,000 in January, following little net growth in 
2022 (an average of +7,000 per month). In January, job gains in general merchandise 
retailers (+16,000) and in furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance 
retailers (+7,000) were partially offset by a decline in health and personal care 
retailers (-6,000). 

Construction added 25,000 jobs in January, reflecting an employment gain in specialty
trade contractors (+22,000). Employment in the construction industry grew by an average
of 22,000 per month in 2022.

In January, transportation and warehousing added 23,000 jobs, the same as the industry's
average monthly gain in 2022. Over the month, employment in support activities for
transportation increased by 7,000.

Employment in social assistance increased by 21,000 in January, little different from
the 2022 average gain of 19,000 per month. 

Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in January (+19,000). In 2022, 
manufacturing added an average of 33,000 jobs per month.

Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including 
mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; wholesale trade; information; 
financial activities; and other services.

In January, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose
by 10 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $33.03. Over the past 12 months, average hourly
earnings have increased by 4.4 percent. In January, average hourly earnings of private-
sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 7 cents, or 0.2 percent, to 
$28.26. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 hour to
34.7 hours in January. In manufacturing, the average workweek increased by 0.4 hour to
40.5 hours, and overtime increased by 0.1 hour to 3.1 hours. The average workweek for
production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.2
hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)

The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for November was revised up by 34,000,
from +256,000 to +290,000, and the change for December was revised up by 37,000, from
+223,000 to +260,000. With these revisions, employment gains in November and December
combined were 71,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from
additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last 
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. The annual 
benchmark process also contributed to the November and December revisions.)

_____________
The Employment Situation for February is scheduled to be released on
Friday, March 10, 2023, at 8:30 a.m. (ET).


                        Revisions to Establishment Survey Data                        

In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data released today have 
been benchmarked to reflect comprehensive counts of payroll jobs for March 2022. These
counts are derived principally from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW),
which counts jobs covered by the Unemployment Insurance (UI) tax system. In addition,
the basis for industry classification in the establishment survey has been revised
from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to NAICS 2022. 
Approximately 10 percent of employment was reclassified into different industries as
a result of the NAICS revision. Implementation of NAICS 2022 resulted in major 
revisions reflecting content and coding changes in the retail trade and information
sectors, as well as minor revisions within the mining and logging, manufacturing, 
wholesale trade, financial activities, and other services sectors. Many industry 
titles and descriptions were also updated to better reflect official NAICS titles. 

Revisions due to both the NAICS 2022 conversion and the benchmark process affected 
more historical data than typical in the annual benchmark process. The NAICS 
revisions are reflected for the entire history of affected industries for both 
seasonally and not seasonally adjusted data. Details of the updated titles and new,
discontinued, and collapsed industries (and resulting changes to tables B-1 through
B-9) are available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnewseries.htm. 

The total nonfarm employment level for March 2022 was revised upward by 568,000 
(+506,000 on a not seasonally adjusted basis, or +0.3 percent). The average not 
seasonally adjusted benchmark revision (in absolute terms) over the past 10 years is
0.1 percent.  

The over-the-year change in total nonfarm employment for March 2022 was revised from
+6,425,000 to +7,096,000 (seasonally adjusted). Table A presents revised total 
nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis from January to December 2022.

All revised historical establishment survey data are available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/ces/data/home.htm. In addition, an article that discusses the benchmark
and post-benchmark revisions and other technical issues is available at 
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.


Table A. Revisions to total nonfarm employment, January to December 2022, seasonally
adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |                                   |                                
                 |                Level              |      Over-the-month change     
                 |---------------------------------------------------------------------
 Year and month  |           |    As     |           |           |    As    |           
                 |    As     |previously | Difference|    As     |previously| Difference
                 |  revised  |published  |           |  revised  |published |           
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
       2022      |           |           |           |           |          |           
                 |           |           |           |           |          |           
January......... |  150,106  |  149,744  |     362   |    364    |    504   |  -140
February........ |  151,010  |  150,458  |     552   |    904    |    714   |   190
March........... |  151,424  |  150,856  |     568   |    414    |    398   |    16
April........... |  151,678  |  151,224  |     454   |    254    |    368   |  -114
May............. |  152,042  |  151,610  |     432   |    364    |    386   |   -22
June............ |  152,412  |  151,903  |     509   |    370    |    293   |    77
July............ |  152,980  |  152,440  |     540   |    568    |    537   |    31
August.......... |  153,332  |  152,732  |     600   |    352    |    292   |    60
September....... |  153,682  |  153,001  |     681   |    350    |    269   |    81
October......... |  154,006  |  153,264  |     742   |    324    |    263   |    61
November........ |  154,296  |  153,520  |     776   |    290    |    256   |    34
December(p)..... |  154,556  |  153,743  |     813   |    260    |    223   |    37
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
   (p) = preliminary


              Adjustments to Population Estimates for the Household Survey              

Effective with data for January 2023, updated population estimates were incorporated 
into the household survey. Population estimates for the household survey are developed 
by the U.S. Census Bureau. Each year, the Census Bureau updates the estimates to 
reflect new information and assumptions about the growth of the population since the 
previous decennial census. The change in population reflected in the new estimates 
results from adjustments for net international migration, updated vital statistics, and
improvements in estimation methodology. 

In accordance with usual practice, BLS will not revise the official household survey 
estimates for December 2022 and earlier months. However, to show the impact of the
population adjustments, table B displays differences in selected December labor force
series based on the old and new population estimates.

The adjustments increased the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional
population in December by 954,000, the civilian labor force by 871,000, employment by
810,000, and unemployment by 60,000. The number of persons not in the labor force 
increased by 82,000. Although the total unemployment rate was unaffected, the 
employment-population ratio and labor force participation rate each increased by 0.1
percentage point.

Data users are cautioned that these annual population adjustments can affect the 
comparability of household data series over time. Table C shows the effect of the 
introduction of new population estimates on the change in selected labor force
measures between December 2022 and January 2023. Additional information on the 
population adjustments and their effect on national labor force estimates is 
available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-pop-control-adjustments.pdf.

Population controls for veterans, which are derived from a Department of Veterans 
Affairs population model and are updated periodically, have also been updated with 
the release of data for January 2023. Historical data have not been revised.


Table B. Effect of the updated population controls on December 2022 estimates by sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Category Total Men Women White Black or
African
Ameri-
can
Asian Hispanic or
Latino
ethnicity

Civilian noninstitutional population

954 869 84 309 153 437 291

Civilian labor force

871 857 14 365 168 291 289

Participation rate

0.1 0.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Employed

810 812 -2 335 149 282 271

Employment-population ratio

0.1 0.2 0 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2

Unemployed

60 45 16 30 20 8 19

Unemployment rate

0 0 0 0 0.1 0 0.1

Not in labor force

82 13 71 -56 -15 146 2

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding. Estimates for the above race groups (White, Black or African American, and Asian) do not sum to totals because data are not presented for all races. Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race.

Table C. December 2022-January 2023 changes in selected labor force measures, with adjustments for population control effects
(Numbers in thousands)
Category Dec.-Jan.
change, as
published
2023
population
control effect
Dec.-Jan. change, after
removing the
population control
effect(1)

Civilian noninstitutional population

1,118 954 164

Civilian labor force

866 871 -5

Participation rate

0.1 0.1 0

Employed

894 810 84

Employment-population ratio

0.1 0.1 0

Unemployed

-28 60 -88

Unemployment rate

-0.1 0 -0.1

Not in labor force

252 82 170

(1) This Dec.-Jan. change is calculated by subtracting the population control effect from the over-the-month change in the published seasonally adjusted estimates.

NOTE: Detail may not sum to totals because of rounding.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Change from:
Dec.
2022-
Jan.
2023

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population

263,202 264,708 264,844 265,962 -

Civilian labor force

163,633 164,527 164,966 165,832 -

Participation rate

62.2 62.2 62.3 62.4 -

Employed

157,122 158,527 159,244 160,138 -

Employment-population ratio

59.7 59.9 60.1 60.2 -

Unemployed

6,511 6,000 5,722 5,694 -

Unemployment rate

4.0 3.6 3.5 3.4 -

Not in labor force

99,570 100,181 99,878 100,130 -

Unemployment rates

Total, 16 years and over

4.0 3.6 3.5 3.4 -

Adult men (20 years and over)

3.8 3.3 3.1 3.2 -

Adult women (20 years and over)

3.6 3.3 3.2 3.1 -

Teenagers (16 to 19 years)

10.9 11.3 10.4 10.3 -

White

3.4 3.3 3.0 3.1 -

Black or African American

6.9 5.7 5.7 5.4 -

Asian

3.5 2.6 2.4 2.8 -

Hispanic or Latino ethnicity

4.9 4.0 4.1 4.5 -

Total, 25 years and over

3.4 3.0 2.8 2.8 -

Less than a high school diploma

6.3 4.4 5.0 4.5 -

High school graduates, no college

4.5 3.9 3.6 3.7 -

Some college or associate degree

3.5 3.2 2.9 2.9 -

Bachelor's degree and higher

2.3 2.0 1.9 2.0 -

Reason for unemployment

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,217 2,761 2,629 2,529 -

Job leavers

953 829 825 884 -

Reentrants

1,995 1,798 1,767 1,817 -

New entrants

438 558 497 531 -

Duration of unemployment

Less than 5 weeks

2,428 2,244 2,233 1,946 -

5 to 14 weeks

1,619 1,694 1,639 1,785 -

15 to 26 weeks

819 821 826 890 -

27 weeks and over

1,683 1,215 1,069 1,111 -

Employed persons at work part time

Part time for economic reasons

3,735 3,688 3,878 4,050 -

Slack work or business conditions

2,412 2,546 2,648 2,685 -

Could only find part-time work

975 826 911 999 -

Part time for noneconomic reasons

20,236 21,226 21,628 22,083 -

Persons not in the labor force

Marginally attached to the labor force

1,527 1,491 1,260 1,354 -

Discouraged workers

406 406 410 342 -

- December - January changes in household data are not shown due to the introduction of updated population controls.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

364 290 260 517

Total private

345 228 269 443

Goods-producing

28 41 43 46

Mining and logging

-1 8 5 2

Construction

-4 19 26 25

Manufacturing

33 14 12 19

Durable goods(1)

21 14 25 4

Motor vehicles and parts

0.3 5.7 9.0 -6.5

Nondurable goods

12 0 -13 15

Private service-providing

317 187 226 397

Wholesale trade

23.8 -0.4 10.5 11.3

Retail trade

30.1 -45.6 1.4 30.1

Transportation and warehousing

44.8 -37.1 13.0 22.9

Utilities

2.1 -0.9 -0.1 -0.7

Information

12 13 -5 -5

Financial activities

6 11 11 6

Professional and business services(1)

95 0 39 82

Temporary help services

23.4 -48.5 -40.9 25.9

Private education and health services(1)

-5 95 76 105

Health care and social assistance

-20.9 82.6 80.3 79.2

Leisure and hospitality

116 123 64 128

Other services

-7 29 16 18

Government

19 62 -9 74

(3-month average change, in thousands)

Total nonfarm

516 321 291 356

Total private

503 290 265 313

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES(2)

Total nonfarm women employees

49.7 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private women employees

48.3 48.4 48.4 48.4

Total private production and nonsupervisory employees

81.5 81.4 81.3 81.4

HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES

Total private

Average weekly hours

34.6 34.5 34.4 34.7

Average hourly earnings

$31.63 $32.80 $32.93 $33.03

Average weekly earnings

$1,094.40 $1,131.60 $1,132.79 $1,146.14

Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)(3)

111.2 114.3 114.2 115.6

Over-the-month percent change

-0.3 -0.1 -0.1 1.2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)(4)

168.2 179.2 179.8 182.5

Over-the-month percent change

0.4 0.3 0.3 1.5

DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)(5)

Total private (250 industries)

66.6 63.4 65.4 69.0

Manufacturing (72 industries)

68.8 59.7 56.3 56.3

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours.
(4) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls.
(5) Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates

1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?

   The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates
   of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey
   employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-
   month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An
   over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in
   the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change
   in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more
   expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed
   workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural
   workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey.
   The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups.
   For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.

2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?

   It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However,
   neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal
   status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in
   either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of
   workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and
   native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign
   born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of
   The Employment Situation news release.

3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?

   The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by
   incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the
   initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial
   monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate
   additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal
   adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.

   On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that
   re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment
   insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors
   in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
   www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.

4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?

   Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business
   establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is
   designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment
   estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately
   sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?

   Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for
   the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment
   comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of
   business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that
   can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The
   establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because
   the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
   is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the
   sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
   twice a year.

6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
   insurance benefits?

   No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households.
   All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are
   included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if
   they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to
   unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.

7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
   looking for work?

   Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who
   want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no
   jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor
   underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not
   officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The
   Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative
   measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.

8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?

   In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes
   the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on
   average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid
   time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off.
   The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in
   a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for
   part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers,
   such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
   
   Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on 
   payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce
   employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay
   period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are
   counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees
   are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.

   In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that
   includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-
   related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time
   off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but
   were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of
   persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. 
   Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested
   statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.




Technical Note


   This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information
on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households
conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).

   The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and
earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll
records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month
the CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and government agencies,
representing approximately 666,000 individual worksites, in order to provide
detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm
payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm
payroll jobs.

   For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or
pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the
calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment
survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or
may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

   Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian 
noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on 
work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.

   People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees
during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their
own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm.
People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs
because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.

   People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria:
they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during
the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and
expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the
eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.

   The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons.
Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor 
force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the 
labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a 
percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the 
employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

   Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for
all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production
and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees
in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction,
and nonsupervisory employees in private service-providing industries.

   Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal
activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry
Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey
can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

   Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological
differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are:

   --The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers
     whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private
     household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the
     establishment survey.

   --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed.
     The establishment survey does not.

   --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
     The establishment survey is not limited by age.

   --The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because
     individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one
     job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one
     job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately
     for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

   Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels
of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These 
events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening
and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large.

   Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year,
their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular
seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of
youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the 
level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end
of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the
underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes
at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be
adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable.  The seasonally
adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
month-to-month economic activity.

   Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household
and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates,
such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment,
and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four
major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or 
more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component
series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted
total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the 
household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.

   For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment
methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all
relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household
survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the
three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors.
In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Reliability of the estimates

   Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both
sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population,
is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true
population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs
because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability
is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent
chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by
no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling
error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.

   For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm
employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000.
Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to
the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from
-80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent
chance that the true over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this
range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported
nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at
least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month.
At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval
for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is
about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about
+/- 0.2 percentage point.

   In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower
standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based
on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when
the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages.

   The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error,
which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample,
inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a
timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.

   For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months
are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled
preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is
considered final.

   Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the
inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To
correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation
procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first
component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births.
This is incorporated into the sample-based estimation procedure by simply not
reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for
most of the net birth/death employment.

   The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the
residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The
historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from
the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual
residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years.

   The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a
year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference 
between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts
is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey
error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of
industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.

Other information

   If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1
to access telecommunications relay services.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

TOTAL

Civilian noninstitutional population

263,202 264,844 265,962 263,202 264,356 264,535 264,708 264,844 265,962

Civilian labor force

162,825 164,224 165,070 163,633 164,619 164,646 164,527 164,966 165,832

Participation rate

61.9 62.0 62.1 62.2 62.3 62.2 62.2 62.3 62.4

Employed

155,618 158,872 158,692 157,122 158,850 158,593 158,527 159,244 160,138

Employment-population ratio

59.1 60.0 59.7 59.7 60.1 60.0 59.9 60.1 60.2

Unemployed

7,207 5,352 6,378 6,511 5,770 6,053 6,000 5,722 5,694

Unemployment rate

4.4 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4

Not in labor force

100,378 100,621 100,892 99,570 99,736 99,890 100,181 99,878 100,130

Persons who currently want a job

5,872 4,948 5,466 5,718 5,813 5,681 5,528 5,176 5,314

Men, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

128,236 129,050 129,998 128,236 128,807 128,897 128,983 129,050 129,998

Civilian labor force

86,488 87,251 87,842 86,997 87,659 87,772 87,793 87,864 88,334

Participation rate

67.4 67.6 67.6 67.8 68.1 68.1 68.1 68.1 67.9

Employed

82,376 84,304 84,120 83,451 84,532 84,559 84,557 84,880 85,186

Employment-population ratio

64.2 65.3 64.7 65.1 65.6 65.6 65.6 65.8 65.5

Unemployed

4,112 2,947 3,723 3,546 3,127 3,212 3,236 2,984 3,147

Unemployment rate

4.8 3.4 4.2 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6

Not in labor force

41,748 41,799 42,156 41,239 41,148 41,126 41,189 41,186 41,665

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

119,612 120,360 121,283 119,612 120,140 120,225 120,301 120,360 121,283

Civilian labor force

83,649 84,262 84,872 83,885 84,602 84,606 84,525 84,694 85,084

Participation rate

69.9 70.0 70.0 70.1 70.4 70.4 70.3 70.4 70.2

Employed

79,879 81,589 81,524 80,695 81,816 81,776 81,698 82,033 82,324

Employment-population ratio

66.8 67.8 67.2 67.5 68.1 68.0 67.9 68.2 67.9

Unemployed

3,770 2,673 3,348 3,190 2,786 2,829 2,827 2,661 2,760

Unemployment rate

4.5 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2

Not in labor force

35,962 36,098 36,412 35,727 35,537 35,619 35,776 35,666 36,199

Women, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

134,966 135,795 135,963 134,966 135,548 135,638 135,725 135,795 135,963

Civilian labor force

76,337 76,973 77,228 76,636 76,960 76,874 76,734 77,102 77,498

Participation rate

56.6 56.7 56.8 56.8 56.8 56.7 56.5 56.8 57.0

Employed

73,242 74,568 74,572 73,671 74,318 74,033 73,970 74,364 74,952

Employment-population ratio

54.3 54.9 54.8 54.6 54.8 54.6 54.5 54.8 55.1

Unemployed

3,095 2,405 2,656 2,965 2,642 2,841 2,764 2,738 2,546

Unemployment rate

4.1 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3

Not in labor force

58,629 58,821 58,736 58,331 58,588 58,764 58,991 58,692 58,465

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

126,570 127,345 127,546 126,570 127,117 127,204 127,283 127,345 127,546

Civilian labor force

73,404 73,981 74,308 73,517 73,729 73,752 73,532 73,930 74,379

Participation rate

58.0 58.1 58.3 58.1 58.0 58.0 57.8 58.1 58.3

Employed

70,637 71,843 71,921 70,872 71,457 71,218 71,088 71,531 72,104

Employment-population ratio

55.8 56.4 56.4 56.0 56.2 56.0 55.9 56.2 56.5

Unemployed

2,767 2,138 2,387 2,645 2,272 2,534 2,444 2,398 2,275

Unemployment rate

3.8 2.9 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1

Not in labor force

53,167 53,365 53,238 53,054 53,388 53,452 53,750 53,416 53,167

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian noninstitutional population

17,020 17,139 17,133 17,020 17,099 17,107 17,124 17,139 17,133

Civilian labor force

5,772 5,981 5,890 6,231 6,288 6,288 6,469 6,343 6,368

Participation rate

33.9 34.9 34.4 36.6 36.8 36.8 37.8 37.0 37.2

Employed

5,102 5,439 5,247 5,555 5,576 5,598 5,740 5,680 5,710

Employment-population ratio

30.0 31.7 30.6 32.6 32.6 32.7 33.5 33.1 33.3

Unemployed

670 541 643 676 712 690 729 662 658

Unemployment rate

11.6 9.1 10.9 10.9 11.3 11.0 11.3 10.4 10.3

Not in labor force

11,248 11,158 11,242 10,789 10,811 10,819 10,655 10,796 10,765

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, race, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

WHITE

Civilian noninstitutional population

202,819 203,684 204,062 202,819 203,420 203,522 203,617 203,684 204,062

Civilian labor force

125,148 125,934 126,133 125,697 126,117 126,180 125,902 126,408 126,699

Participation rate

61.7 61.8 61.8 62.0 62.0 62.0 61.8 62.1 62.1

Employed

120,320 122,301 121,675 121,404 122,261 122,063 121,807 122,556 122,776

Employment-population ratio

59.3 60.0 59.6 59.9 60.1 60.0 59.8 60.2 60.2

Unemployed

4,828 3,633 4,458 4,293 3,856 4,117 4,094 3,852 3,924

Unemployment rate

3.9 2.9 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.0 3.1

Not in labor force

77,671 77,750 77,928 77,122 77,303 77,342 77,716 77,276 77,362

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

65,514 65,789 65,973 65,657 65,884 66,032 65,759 66,045 66,118

Participation rate

70.0 70.0 69.8 70.2 70.2 70.3 70.0 70.3 70.0

Employed

62,913 63,876 63,596 63,521 64,012 64,026 63,767 64,189 64,210

Employment-population ratio

67.2 68.0 67.3 67.9 68.2 68.2 67.9 68.3 68.0

Unemployed

2,601 1,912 2,377 2,137 1,871 2,006 1,992 1,856 1,908

Unemployment rate

4.0 2.9 3.6 3.3 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.9

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

55,127 55,533 55,601 55,178 55,348 55,340 55,174 55,461 55,637

Participation rate

57.0 57.1 57.2 57.0 57.0 57.0 56.8 57.1 57.3

Employed

53,334 54,181 53,977 53,467 53,885 53,691 53,562 53,918 54,093

Employment-population ratio

55.1 55.7 55.6 55.2 55.5 55.3 55.1 55.5 55.7

Unemployed

1,794 1,353 1,624 1,711 1,463 1,649 1,611 1,543 1,544

Unemployment rate

3.3 2.4 2.9 3.1 2.6 3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

4,506 4,612 4,559 4,861 4,885 4,807 4,969 4,902 4,944

Participation rate

36.1 36.8 36.5 39.0 39.1 38.5 39.7 39.2 39.6

Employed

4,073 4,244 4,101 4,416 4,364 4,346 4,478 4,449 4,472

Employment-population ratio

32.7 33.9 32.9 35.4 34.9 34.8 35.8 35.5 35.8

Unemployed

433 369 458 445 521 462 491 453 472

Unemployment rate

9.6 8.0 10.0 9.2 10.7 9.6 9.9 9.2 9.5

BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

33,978 34,301 34,487 33,978 34,204 34,237 34,272 34,301 34,487

Civilian labor force

20,914 21,278 21,544 21,054 21,260 21,247 21,365 21,418 21,697

Participation rate

61.6 62.0 62.5 62.0 62.2 62.1 62.3 62.4 62.9

Employed

19,392 20,146 20,335 19,604 20,016 19,988 20,139 20,189 20,535

Employment-population ratio

57.1 58.7 59.0 57.7 58.5 58.4 58.8 58.9 59.5

Unemployed

1,522 1,132 1,209 1,450 1,244 1,259 1,226 1,229 1,162

Unemployment rate

7.3 5.3 5.6 6.9 5.9 5.9 5.7 5.7 5.4

Not in labor force

13,063 13,023 12,943 12,924 12,944 12,990 12,907 12,883 12,790

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

9,669 9,886 10,038 9,738 9,892 9,783 9,947 9,956 10,115

Participation rate

67.0 67.8 68.2 67.4 68.0 67.2 68.3 68.3 68.7

Employed

8,934 9,399 9,461 9,053 9,322 9,269 9,408 9,446 9,579

Employment-population ratio

61.9 64.5 64.2 62.7 64.1 63.7 64.6 64.8 65.0

Unemployed

735 487 577 685 570 514 539 510 535

Unemployment rate

7.6 4.9 5.8 7.0 5.8 5.3 5.4 5.1 5.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

10,560 10,631 10,790 10,568 10,637 10,696 10,633 10,679 10,804

Participation rate

61.9 61.7 62.6 61.9 61.9 62.2 61.8 62.0 62.6

Employed

9,921 10,100 10,276 9,957 10,057 10,080 10,077 10,093 10,301

Employment-population ratio

58.1 58.7 59.6 58.3 58.6 58.6 58.6 58.6 59.7

Unemployed

639 531 514 611 579 616 556 586 504

Unemployment rate

6.1 5.0 4.8 5.8 5.4 5.8 5.2 5.5 4.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

686 761 716 748 731 768 785 784 778

Participation rate

27.7 30.4 28.5 30.3 29.4 30.8 31.4 31.4 31.0

Employed

538 646 599 594 636 639 654 650 655

Employment-population ratio

21.8 25.9 23.9 24.0 25.6 25.7 26.2 26.0 26.1

Unemployed

148 114 118 154 95 128 131 134 123

Unemployment rate

21.6 15.0 16.4 20.6 12.9 16.7 16.7 17.1 15.8

ASIAN

Civilian noninstitutional population

16,903 17,005 17,541 16,903 17,132 17,129 16,980 17,005 17,541

Civilian labor force

10,806 10,890 11,196 10,870 11,106 11,106 10,995 10,918 11,240

Participation rate

63.9 64.0 63.8 64.3 64.8 64.8 64.8 64.2 64.1

Employed

10,403 10,650 10,856 10,489 10,832 10,781 10,704 10,654 10,926

Employment-population ratio

61.5 62.6 61.9 62.1 63.2 62.9 63.0 62.7 62.3

Unemployed

403 241 340 382 274 325 291 265 313

Unemployment rate

3.7 2.2 3.0 3.5 2.5 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.8

Not in labor force

6,097 6,115 6,345 6,032 6,025 6,023 5,984 6,086 6,301

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1)
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY

Civilian noninstitutional population

45,740 46,624 47,010 45,740 46,373 46,459 46,545 46,624 47,010

Civilian labor force

30,274 30,872 31,131 30,384 30,673 30,725 30,600 30,893 31,153

Participation rate

66.2 66.2 66.2 66.4 66.1 66.1 65.7 66.3 66.3

Employed

28,595 29,594 29,430 28,905 29,462 29,430 29,382 29,611 29,737

Employment-population ratio

62.5 63.5 62.6 63.2 63.5 63.3 63.1 63.5 63.3

Unemployed

1,679 1,278 1,701 1,479 1,211 1,295 1,218 1,281 1,416

Unemployment rate

5.5 4.1 5.5 4.9 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.5

Not in labor force

15,466 15,752 15,879 15,355 15,700 15,734 15,944 15,731 15,857

Men, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

16,538 16,691 16,834 16,578 16,536 16,653 16,526 16,725 16,795

Participation rate

79.8 79.0 78.8 80.0 78.7 79.1 78.4 79.2 78.6

Employed

15,676 15,958 15,875 15,872 15,967 16,000 15,925 16,047 16,073

Employment-population ratio

75.6 75.6 74.3 76.6 76.0 76.0 75.5 76.0 75.2

Unemployed

862 734 958 705 569 653 601 677 722

Unemployment rate

5.2 4.4 5.7 4.3 3.4 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.3

Women, 20 years and over

Civilian labor force

12,367 12,837 13,024 12,384 12,771 12,655 12,637 12,785 13,024

Participation rate

59.5 60.6 61.1 59.6 60.6 59.9 59.7 60.3 61.1

Employed

11,717 12,385 12,391 11,781 12,314 12,185 12,179 12,307 12,447

Employment-population ratio

56.4 58.5 58.1 56.7 58.4 57.7 57.6 58.1 58.4

Unemployed

651 453 633 603 457 469 458 478 577

Unemployment rate

5.3 3.5 4.9 4.9 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

Civilian labor force

1,369 1,343 1,274 1,423 1,366 1,417 1,438 1,383 1,334

Participation rate

32.4 31.1 29.4 33.7 31.8 33.0 33.4 32.0 30.8

Employed

1,203 1,252 1,164 1,252 1,181 1,245 1,279 1,257 1,217

Employment-population ratio

28.5 29.0 26.9 29.6 27.5 29.0 29.7 29.1 28.1

Unemployed

166 92 110 171 185 173 159 126 116

Unemployment rate

12.1 6.8 8.7 12.0 13.6 12.2 11.0 9.1 8.7

Footnotes
(1) The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Educational attainment Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

Less than a high school diploma

Civilian labor force

8,762 8,918 8,829 8,746 8,990 9,141 8,901 8,885 8,814

Participation rate

44.9 45.8 46.1 44.8 45.7 46.6 45.6 45.6 46.0

Employed

8,044 8,428 8,267 8,194 8,491 8,574 8,506 8,443 8,417

Employment-population ratio

41.2 43.3 43.1 42.0 43.1 43.7 43.5 43.4 43.9

Unemployed

719 490 562 551 499 567 395 442 397

Unemployment rate

8.2 5.5 6.4 6.3 5.5 6.2 4.4 5.0 4.5

High school graduates, no college(1)

Civilian labor force

36,764 35,532 35,983 36,994 35,282 35,070 35,192 35,605 36,189

Participation rate

56.7 56.1 56.1 57.1 56.2 55.9 55.7 56.2 56.4

Employed

34,877 34,270 34,457 35,312 33,975 33,692 33,816 34,339 34,836

Employment-population ratio

53.8 54.1 53.7 54.5 54.1 53.7 53.5 54.2 54.3

Unemployed

1,887 1,262 1,526 1,682 1,307 1,378 1,377 1,266 1,353

Unemployment rate

5.1 3.6 4.2 4.5 3.7 3.9 3.9 3.6 3.7

Some college or associate degree

Civilian labor force

35,182 35,849 35,952 35,347 35,575 35,806 35,880 35,789 36,082

Participation rate

62.9 62.8 63.2 63.2 62.7 62.7 62.9 62.7 63.5

Employed

33,871 34,851 34,859 34,106 34,558 34,734 34,748 34,735 35,046

Employment-population ratio

60.5 61.0 61.3 60.9 60.9 60.8 60.9 60.8 61.7

Unemployed

1,311 998 1,093 1,242 1,017 1,071 1,133 1,054 1,036

Unemployment rate

3.7 2.8 3.0 3.5 2.9 3.0 3.2 2.9 2.9

Bachelor's degree and higher(2)

Civilian labor force

61,803 63,241 62,863 61,737 63,519 63,312 63,041 63,150 62,854

Participation rate

72.7 72.8 72.7 72.6 72.9 72.7 72.5 72.7 72.7

Employed

60,349 62,156 61,526 60,343 62,381 62,089 61,781 61,947 61,591

Employment-population ratio

71.0 71.5 71.1 71.0 71.6 71.3 71.1 71.3 71.2

Unemployed

1,454 1,085 1,338 1,394 1,138 1,223 1,260 1,203 1,263

Unemployment rate

2.4 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.0

Footnotes
(1) Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
(2) Includes persons with bachelor's, master's, professional, and doctoral degrees.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Total Men Women
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023

VETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

18,495 18,024 16,474 15,991 2,021 2,033

Civilian labor force

8,872 8,630 7,669 7,490 1,204 1,141

Participation rate

48.0 47.9 46.6 46.8 59.6 56.1

Employed

8,535 8,390 7,371 7,294 1,164 1,096

Employment-population ratio

46.1 46.5 44.7 45.6 57.6 53.9

Unemployed

338 240 298 196 40 44

Unemployment rate

3.8 2.8 3.9 2.6 3.3 3.9

Not in labor force

9,623 9,394 8,805 8,501 817 892

Gulf War-era II veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,757 4,913 3,879 4,002 878 911

Civilian labor force

3,787 3,918 3,166 3,275 620 644

Participation rate

79.6 79.7 81.6 81.8 70.7 70.6

Employed

3,591 3,768 2,994 3,167 596 601

Employment-population ratio

75.5 76.7 77.2 79.1 67.9 66.0

Unemployed

196 150 172 108 24 42

Unemployment rate

5.2 3.8 5.4 3.3 3.9 6.6

Not in labor force

971 995 713 728 258 267

Gulf War-era I veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

3,311 3,011 2,834 2,569 477 442

Civilian labor force

2,417 2,197 2,071 1,862 346 335

Participation rate

73.0 73.0 73.1 72.5 72.6 75.8

Employed

2,389 2,161 2,043 1,827 346 334

Employment-population ratio

72.2 71.8 72.1 71.1 72.5 75.5

Unemployed

28 36 28 35 1 1

Unemployment rate

1.2 1.7 1.3 1.9 0.2 0.4

Not in labor force

893 813 763 706 131 107

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans

Civilian noninstitutional population

6,368 6,099 6,115 5,841 253 258

Civilian labor force

993 827 955 809 38 19

Participation rate

15.6 13.6 15.6 13.8 15.1 7.2

Employed

943 823 911 805 32 19

Employment-population ratio

14.8 13.5 14.9 13.8 12.8 7.2

Unemployed

50 4 44 4 6 0

Unemployment rate

5.0 0.5 4.6 0.5 - -

Not in labor force

5,375 5,272 5,160 5,032 215 239

Veterans of other service periods

Civilian noninstitutional population

4,059 4,001 3,646 3,579 413 422

Civilian labor force

1,675 1,687 1,477 1,544 199 143

Participation rate

41.3 42.2 40.5 43.1 48.1 34.0

Employed

1,612 1,638 1,423 1,495 189 143

Employment-population ratio

39.7 40.9 39.0 41.8 45.8 33.8

Unemployed

64 50 54 49 10 1

Unemployment rate

3.8 2.9 3.7 3.1 4.8 0.7

Not in labor force

2,384 2,314 2,169 2,035 214 279

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

235,614 238,664 107,121 109,368 128,493 129,296

Civilian labor force

151,745 154,167 77,789 79,289 73,956 74,877

Participation rate

64.4 64.6 72.6 72.5 57.6 57.9

Employed

145,118 148,269 74,107 75,919 71,012 72,350

Employment-population ratio

61.6 62.1 69.2 69.4 55.3 56.0

Unemployed

6,627 5,898 3,682 3,370 2,945 2,527

Unemployment rate

4.4 3.8 4.7 4.3 4.0 3.4

Not in labor force

83,869 84,497 29,332 30,078 54,537 54,419

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000).


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age Persons with a disability Persons with no disability
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023

TOTAL, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

31,600 32,585 231,603 233,376

Civilian labor force

7,213 7,847 155,612 157,223

Participation rate

22.8 24.1 67.2 67.4

Employed

6,553 7,292 149,065 151,399

Employment-population ratio

20.7 22.4 64.4 64.9

Unemployed

660 554 6,547 5,824

Unemployment rate

9.1 7.1 4.2 3.7

Not in labor force

24,386 24,739 75,991 76,153

Men, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

3,160 3,206 77,363 78,534

Participation rate

39.4 40.5 81.6 81.8

Employed

2,799 2,970 73,847 75,225

Employment-population ratio

34.9 37.5 77.9 78.3

Unemployed

361 236 3,517 3,309

Unemployment rate

11.4 7.4 4.5 4.2

Not in labor force

4,869 4,716 17,444 17,513

Women, 16 to 64 years

Civilian labor force

2,865 3,212 68,788 69,128

Participation rate

35.6 38.8 71.3 71.9

Employed

2,640 2,969 66,059 66,863

Employment-population ratio

32.8 35.9 68.4 69.5

Unemployed

226 243 2,729 2,265

Unemployment rate

7.9 7.6 4.0 3.3

Not in labor force

5,185 5,066 27,723 27,040

Both sexes, 65 years and over

Civilian labor force

1,188 1,428 9,461 9,561

Participation rate

7.7 8.7 23.5 23.2

Employed

1,114 1,353 9,160 9,311

Employment-population ratio

7.2 8.3 22.7 22.6

Unemployed

73 75 301 250

Unemployment rate

6.2 5.2 3.2 2.6

Not in labor force

14,332 14,957 30,825 31,599

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor's office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status and nativity Total Men Women
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023

Foreign born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

44,624 45,899 21,886 22,530 22,738 23,369

Civilian labor force

29,255 29,945 16,869 17,243 12,387 12,702

Participation rate

65.6 65.2 77.1 76.5 54.5 54.4

Employed

27,978 28,692 16,192 16,491 11,786 12,201

Employment-population ratio

62.7 62.5 74.0 73.2 51.8 52.2

Unemployed

1,277 1,253 677 752 601 501

Unemployment rate

4.4 4.2 4.0 4.4 4.9 3.9

Not in labor force

15,368 15,954 5,017 5,287 10,352 10,667

Native born, 16 years and over

Civilian noninstitutional population

218,579 220,063 106,351 107,468 112,228 112,595

Civilian labor force

133,569 135,125 69,619 70,599 63,950 64,526

Participation rate

61.1 61.4 65.5 65.7 57.0 57.3

Employed

127,640 130,000 66,184 67,629 61,456 62,371

Employment-population ratio

58.4 59.1 62.2 62.9 54.8 55.4

Unemployed

5,929 5,125 3,435 2,970 2,494 2,155

Unemployment rate

4.4 3.8 4.9 4.2 3.9 3.3

Not in labor force

85,009 84,938 36,732 36,869 48,278 48,069

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Category Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

CLASS OF WORKER

Agriculture and related industries

2,224 2,267 2,145 2,311 2,178 2,206 2,228 2,311 2,245

Wage and salary workers(1)

1,454 1,482 1,428 1,505 1,473 1,495 1,492 1,496 1,485

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

735 755 682 769 696 692 715 791 720

Unpaid family workers

36 31 35 - - - - - -

Nonagricultural industries

153,394 156,604 156,547 154,585 156,762 156,570 156,344 156,818 157,645

Wage and salary workers(1)

144,501 147,639 147,532 145,922 147,291 147,109 147,381 147,886 148,822

Government

21,593 21,943 21,968 21,188 21,331 21,211 21,084 21,683 21,548

Private industries

122,907 125,696 125,564 124,386 126,371 126,102 126,468 126,169 126,981

Private households

575 692 669 - - - - - -

Other industries

122,332 125,003 124,895 123,741 125,712 125,460 125,819 125,538 126,248

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

8,830 8,923 8,952 9,109 9,155 9,261 8,970 9,036 9,217

Unpaid family workers

64 43 63 - - - - - -

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME(2)

All industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,176 3,991 4,498 3,735 3,843 3,664 3,688 3,878 4,050

Slack work or business conditions

2,828 2,755 3,114 2,412 2,576 2,535 2,546 2,648 2,685

Could only find part-time work

935 893 993 975 942 867 826 911 999

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

20,105 22,084 22,096 20,236 21,260 21,297 21,226 21,628 22,083

Nonagricultural industries

Part time for economic reasons(3)

4,094 3,903 4,401 3,671 3,762 3,578 3,623 3,810 3,959

Slack work or business conditions

2,782 2,703 3,057 2,383 2,526 2,487 2,497 2,611 2,646

Could only find part-time work

927 873 983 966 940 862 819 892 988

Part time for noneconomic reasons(4)

19,738 21,640 21,683 19,878 20,912 20,950 20,844 21,211 21,674

Footnotes
(1) Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
(2) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week.
(3) Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
(4) Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

155,618 158,872 158,692 157,122 158,850 158,593 158,527 159,244 160,138

16 to 19 years

5,102 5,439 5,247 5,555 5,576 5,598 5,740 5,680 5,710

16 to 17 years

1,965 2,251 2,033 2,183 2,100 2,200 2,241 2,371 2,265

18 to 19 years

3,137 3,188 3,215 3,384 3,462 3,387 3,500 3,312 3,462

20 years and over

150,516 153,433 153,444 151,567 153,274 152,994 152,787 153,564 154,428

20 to 24 years

13,376 13,728 14,336 13,753 13,752 13,780 13,759 13,834 14,705

25 years and over

137,141 139,705 139,108 137,886 139,503 139,160 138,845 139,477 139,834

25 to 54 years

100,214 102,069 101,921 100,703 101,954 101,509 101,400 101,848 102,366

25 to 34 years

34,726 35,152 35,343 35,019 35,349 35,296 35,073 35,066 35,594

35 to 44 years

34,050 35,029 34,904 34,162 34,619 34,611 34,777 34,983 35,010

45 to 54 years

31,437 31,888 31,674 31,522 31,986 31,601 31,550 31,799 31,762

55 years and over

36,927 37,636 37,188 37,183 37,550 37,651 37,446 37,630 37,468

Men, 16 years and over

82,376 84,304 84,120 83,451 84,532 84,559 84,557 84,880 85,186

16 to 19 years

2,497 2,714 2,596 2,756 2,716 2,783 2,859 2,847 2,862

16 to 17 years

899 1,018 907 1,022 962 1,034 1,059 1,109 1,039

18 to 19 years

1,599 1,696 1,689 1,743 1,750 1,752 1,809 1,748 1,838

20 years and over

79,879 81,589 81,524 80,695 81,816 81,776 81,698 82,033 82,324

20 to 24 years

6,797 6,967 7,144 7,028 7,040 7,144 7,071 7,080 7,354

25 years and over

73,082 74,623 74,379 73,771 74,703 74,548 74,451 74,767 75,036

25 to 54 years

53,236 54,325 54,269 53,713 54,325 54,106 54,119 54,370 54,708

25 to 34 years

18,346 18,644 18,717 18,578 18,829 18,701 18,548 18,629 18,916

35 to 44 years

18,264 18,743 18,752 18,420 18,579 18,649 18,761 18,798 18,896

45 to 54 years

16,626 16,938 16,801 16,716 16,917 16,756 16,810 16,943 16,896

55 years and over

19,846 20,298 20,110 20,058 20,378 20,442 20,332 20,396 20,328

Women, 16 years and over

73,242 74,568 74,572 73,671 74,318 74,033 73,970 74,364 74,952

16 to 19 years

2,605 2,725 2,651 2,799 2,861 2,815 2,881 2,833 2,848

16 to 17 years

1,067 1,233 1,125 1,161 1,138 1,167 1,182 1,262 1,226

18 to 19 years

1,538 1,492 1,526 1,640 1,712 1,635 1,691 1,564 1,624

20 years and over

70,637 71,843 71,921 70,872 71,457 71,218 71,088 71,531 72,104

20 to 24 years

6,578 6,761 7,192 6,724 6,712 6,636 6,688 6,755 7,351

25 years and over

64,059 65,082 64,729 64,115 64,801 64,612 64,394 64,711 64,798

25 to 54 years

46,978 47,744 47,651 46,990 47,628 47,403 47,281 47,477 47,658

25 to 34 years

16,380 16,508 16,627 16,441 16,519 16,596 16,525 16,436 16,678

35 to 44 years

15,786 16,286 16,152 15,742 16,040 15,963 16,016 16,185 16,114

45 to 54 years

14,811 14,950 14,873 14,807 15,069 14,845 14,740 14,857 14,866

55 years and over

17,081 17,338 17,078 17,125 17,172 17,209 17,113 17,233 17,140

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

45,145 46,099 45,927 45,314 45,920 45,624 45,988 46,209 46,119

Married women, spouse present(1)

36,004 36,763 36,569 35,923 36,582 36,179 36,322 36,472 36,490

Women who maintain families(2)

9,983 10,150 10,154 - - - - - -

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

129,747 131,812 131,175 131,151 132,575 132,179 132,300 132,299 132,577

Part-time workers(4)

25,871 27,060 27,516 25,815 26,249 26,413 26,115 26,794 27,400

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders

7,337 8,140 7,877 7,466 7,755 7,519 7,676 8,046 8,001

Percent of total employed

4.7 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.8 5.1 5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT

Self-employed workers, incorporated

6,366 6,811 6,560 - - - - - -

Self-employed workers, unincorporated

9,564 9,678 9,635 9,878 9,851 9,953 9,686 9,827 9,937

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
(4) Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.

- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

AGE AND SEX

Total, 16 years and over

6,511 5,722 5,694 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4

16 to 19 years

676 662 658 10.9 11.3 11.0 11.3 10.4 10.3

16 to 17 years

275 217 277 11.2 12.2 9.8 11.5 8.4 10.9

18 to 19 years

401 461 384 10.6 11.0 11.9 11.3 12.2 10.0

20 years and over

5,835 5,059 5,035 3.7 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.2

20 to 24 years

1,076 1,085 1,116 7.3 7.0 6.9 6.8 7.3 7.1

25 years and over

4,841 4,025 4,020 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.8 2.8

25 to 54 years

3,646 3,008 3,136 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.9 3.0

25 to 34 years

1,566 1,400 1,459 4.3 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.9

35 to 44 years

1,239 862 927 3.5 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.6

45 to 54 years

842 746 750 2.6 2.1 2.8 2.7 2.3 2.3

55 years and over

1,179 1,032 874 3.1 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.3

Men, 16 years and over

3,546 2,984 3,147 4.1 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.6

16 to 19 years

356 323 387 11.4 11.2 12.1 12.5 10.2 11.9

16 to 17 years

157 114 183 13.3 13.1 11.7 15.6 9.3 15.0

18 to 19 years

198 223 207 10.2 10.3 12.6 10.9 11.3 10.1

20 years and over

3,190 2,661 2,760 3.8 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2

20 to 24 years

656 555 620 8.5 7.9 7.2 7.7 7.3 7.8

25 years and over

2,600 2,139 2,225 3.4 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.9

25 to 54 years

1,941 1,564 1,722 3.5 3.0 3.1 3.0 2.8 3.1

25 to 34 years

850 763 856 4.4 3.6 3.9 4.1 3.9 4.3

35 to 44 years

671 441 484 3.5 2.9 2.6 2.4 2.3 2.5

45 to 54 years

419 360 382 2.4 2.3 2.8 2.6 2.1 2.2

55 years and over

659 575 504 3.2 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.4

Women, 16 years and over

2,965 2,738 2,546 3.9 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.3

16 to 19 years

320 339 271 10.3 11.5 9.8 10.0 10.7 8.7

16 to 17 years

119 103 93 9.3 11.3 8.0 7.4 7.6 7.1

18 to 19 years

203 238 177 11.0 11.6 11.1 11.7 13.2 9.8

20 years and over

2,645 2,398 2,275 3.6 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1

20 to 24 years

420 530 496 5.9 6.0 6.6 5.9 7.3 6.3

25 years and over

2,242 1,886 1,795 3.4 2.7 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7

25 to 54 years

1,706 1,444 1,414 3.5 2.9 3.3 3.3 3.0 2.9

25 to 34 years

716 637 604 4.2 3.6 4.0 4.1 3.7 3.5

35 to 44 years

567 421 443 3.5 3.1 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.7

45 to 54 years

423 386 368 2.8 1.9 2.7 2.8 2.5 2.4

55 years and over

540 452 386 3.1 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.6 2.2

MARITAL STATUS

Married men, spouse present(1)

910 844 837 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8

Married women, spouse present(1)

891 764 710 2.4 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.9

Women who maintain families(2)

527 383 403 5.0 4.7 5.7 4.9 3.6 3.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS

Full-time workers(3)

5,342 4,661 4,634 3.9 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.4

Part-time workers(4)

1,198 1,079 1,078 4.4 3.7 3.9 4.4 3.9 3.8

Footnotes
(1) Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
(2) Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
(3) Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs.
(4) Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs.

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reason Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

3,924 2,583 3,226 3,217 2,530 2,695 2,761 2,629 2,529

On temporary layoff

1,467 848 1,238 952 772 853 806 814 734

Not on temporary layoff

2,458 1,735 1,987 2,265 1,758 1,842 1,956 1,815 1,795

Permanent job losers

1,707 1,255 1,330 1,633 1,202 1,267 1,351 1,339 1,257

Persons who completed temporary jobs

750 480 657 632 555 575 605 476 538

Job leavers

948 768 881 953 904 861 829 825 884

Reentrants

1,973 1,613 1,807 1,995 1,834 1,873 1,798 1,767 1,817

New entrants

362 388 465 438 460 494 558 497 531

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

54.5 48.3 50.6 48.7 44.2 45.5 46.4 46.0 43.9

On temporary layoff

20.4 15.8 19.4 14.4 13.5 14.4 13.5 14.2 12.7

Not on temporary layoff

34.1 32.4 31.2 34.3 30.7 31.1 32.9 31.7 31.2

Job leavers

13.1 14.4 13.8 14.4 15.8 14.5 13.9 14.4 15.3

Reentrants

27.4 30.1 28.3 30.2 32.0 31.6 30.2 30.9 31.5

New entrants

5.0 7.3 7.3 6.6 8.0 8.3 9.4 8.7 9.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs

2.4 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5

Job leavers

0.6 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Reentrants

1.2 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1

New entrants

0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Duration Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Less than 5 weeks

2,888 2,128 2,358 2,428 2,158 2,215 2,244 2,233 1,946

5 to 14 weeks

1,765 1,490 1,965 1,619 1,643 1,774 1,694 1,639 1,785

15 weeks and over

2,554 1,733 2,055 2,501 1,990 1,987 2,036 1,895 2,001

15 to 26 weeks

856 749 926 819 901 817 821 826 890

27 weeks and over

1,698 984 1,129 1,683 1,089 1,169 1,215 1,069 1,111

Average (mean) duration, in weeks

23.0 19.1 19.1 24.5 20.3 20.8 21.4 19.5 20.4

Median duration, in weeks

8.5 7.5 8.4 9.6 8.5 8.4 8.8 8.9 9.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks

40.1 39.8 37.0 37.1 37.3 37.1 37.6 38.7 33.9

5 to 14 weeks

24.5 27.8 30.8 24.7 28.4 29.7 28.4 28.4 31.1

15 weeks and over

35.4 32.4 32.2 38.2 34.4 33.2 34.1 32.9 34.9

15 to 26 weeks

11.9 14.0 14.5 12.5 15.6 13.7 13.7 14.3 15.5

27 weeks and over

23.6 18.4 17.7 25.7 18.8 19.6 20.3 18.5 19.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Occupation Employed Unemployed Unemployment
rates
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023

Total, 16 years and over(1)

155,618 158,692 7,207 6,378 4.4 3.9

Management, professional, and related occupations

66,740 69,249 1,583 1,460 2.3 2.1

Management, business, and financial operations occupations

28,536 29,934 623 604 2.1 2.0

Professional and related occupations

38,204 39,315 961 856 2.5 2.1

Service occupations

24,232 25,244 1,733 1,401 6.7 5.3

Sales and office occupations

31,164 30,358 1,347 1,184 4.1 3.8

Sales and related occupations

14,581 14,185 642 645 4.2 4.4

Office and administrative support occupations

16,583 16,173 705 538 4.1 3.2

Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations

13,858 14,023 915 894 6.2 6.0

Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations

924 915 88 65 8.7 6.7

Construction and extraction occupations

8,094 8,399 689 709 7.8 7.8

Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations

4,840 4,709 139 120 2.8 2.5

Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

19,624 19,817 1,243 968 6.0 4.7

Production occupations

7,973 8,292 455 260 5.4 3.0

Transportation and material moving occupations

11,651 11,526 788 708 6.3 5.8

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted
Industry and class of worker Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment
rates
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023

Total, 16 years and over(1)

7,207 6,378 4.4 3.9

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers

5,822 5,061 4.5 3.9

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

46 2 8.4 0.3

Construction

709 720 7.1 6.9

Manufacturing

549 399 3.6 2.6

Durable goods

305 228 3.1 2.3

Nondurable goods

245 172 4.4 3.1

Wholesale and retail trade

956 992 4.8 5.1

Transportation and utilities

365 345 4.5 4.2

Information

102 114 4.2 3.9

Financial activities

196 236 1.9 2.3

Professional and business services

835 649 4.5 3.5

Education and health services

699 599 2.9 2.4

Leisure and hospitality

1,046 797 8.2 6.0

Other services

317 209 4.9 3.3

Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers

129 70 8.5 4.9

Government workers

477 429 2.2 1.9

Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers

416 354 4.1 3.5

Footnotes
(1) Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Measure Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Sept.
2022
Oct.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022
Jan.
2023

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.6 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.4 1.6 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)

4.4 3.3 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers

4.7 3.5 4.1 4.2 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.7 3.6

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

5.4 4.0 4.7 4.9 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.2 4.2

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force

7.9 6.4 7.4 7.1 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.6

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category Total Men Women
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023
Jan.
2022
Jan.
2023

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force

100,378 100,892 41,748 42,156 58,629 58,736

Persons who currently want a job

5,872 5,466 2,971 2,722 2,901 2,744

Marginally attached to the labor force(1)

1,623 1,434 925 730 698 704

Discouraged workers(2)

422 349 320 233 102 117

Other persons marginally attached to the labor force(3)

1,200 1,085 605 498 596 587

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

Total multiple jobholders(4)

7,337 7,877 3,597 3,847 3,741 4,030

Percent of total employed

4.7 5.0 4.4 4.6 5.1 5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time

4,259 4,418 2,310 2,367 1,949 2,051

Primary and secondary jobs both part time

1,736 1,862 591 634 1,145 1,228

Primary and secondary jobs both full time

282 343 152 214 130 129

Hours vary on primary or secondary job

1,017 1,212 523 610 495 602

Footnotes
(1) Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
(2) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
(3) Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
(4) Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Change from:
Dec.2022 - Jan.2023(p)

Total nonfarm

147,932 155,642 155,349 152,844 150,106 154,296 154,556 155,073 517

Total private

125,993 132,866 132,748 130,582 128,031 131,972 132,241 132,684 443

Goods-producing

20,330 21,501 21,378 21,060 20,785 21,425 21,468 21,514 46

Mining and logging

566 627 627 620 578 624 629 631 2

Logging

44.9 45.9 46.0 45.6 44.9 45.6 45.9 45.6 -0.3

Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction

521.0 581.0 581.0 574.3 533.5 578.6 583.0 585.6 2.6

Oil and gas extraction

110.2 117.1 118.3 117.7 111.1 117.1 117.6 118.6 1.0

Mining (except oil and gas)

174.2 187.9 184.0 179.7 180.0 187.1 186.4 185.7 -0.7

Coal mining

39.0 41.0 40.8 40.6 39.2 41.1 41.1 40.7 -0.4

Metal ore mining

41.9 43.1 43.3 43.3 42.3 43.3 43.5 43.7 0.2

Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying

93.3 103.8 99.9 95.8 98.5 102.6 101.8 101.3 -0.5

Support activities for mining

236.6 276.0 278.7 276.9 242.4 274.4 279.0 281.3 2.3

Construction

7,251 7,900 7,766 7,546 7,590 7,833 7,859 7,884 25

Construction of buildings

1,668.3 1,782.3 1,772.9 1,740.3 1,718.4 1,772.9 1,785.3 1,789.4 4.1

Residential building construction

876.6 934.2 928.1 906.7 902.9 929.0 934.0 934.1 0.1

Nonresidential building construction

791.7 848.1 844.8 833.6 815.5 843.9 851.3 855.3 4.0

Heavy and civil engineering construction

948.8 1,101.4 1,041.4 984.0 1,043.0 1,078.4 1,079.0 1,077.8 -1.2

Specialty trade contractors

4,633.7 5,016.5 4,951.7 4,821.4 4,828.3 4,981.2 4,994.4 5,016.3 21.9

Residential specialty trade contractors

2,161.1 2,335.9 2,303.0 2,244.9 2,247.8 2,321.9 2,325.8 2,331.2 5.4

Nonresidential specialty trade contractors

2,472.6 2,680.6 2,648.7 2,576.5 2,580.5 2,659.3 2,668.6 2,685.1 16.5

Manufacturing

12,513 12,974 12,985 12,894 12,617 12,968 12,980 12,999 19

Durable goods

7,798 8,072 8,103 8,051 7,849 8,073 8,098 8,102 4

Wood product manufacturing

420.5 428.1 429.4 429.6 422.8 429.0 430.6 431.7 1.1

Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing

402.3 429.4 428.2 426.6 414.9 428.7 432.6 436.8 4.2

Primary metal manufacturing

357.0 366.4 367.8 364.5 357.8 365.6 366.0 365.6 -0.4

Fabricated metal product manufacturing

1,401.9 1,444.3 1,448.4 1,444.5 1,410.6 1,447.4 1,450.1 1,453.2 3.1

Machinery manufacturing

1,076.7 1,115.9 1,123.0 1,118.6 1,082.9 1,119.1 1,122.8 1,124.8 2.0

Computer and electronic product manufacturing

1,067.6 1,100.4 1,103.0 1,095.6 1,071.3 1,099.9 1,100.9 1,100.2 -0.7

Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing

159.7 166.9 168.2 167.5 159.8 166.4 167.4 167.7 0.3

Communications equipment manufacturing

85.5 84.8 84.5 83.6 85.8 84.9 85.2 84.1 -1.1

Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing

373.7 392.9 393.6 392.2 376.1 393.4 394.0 394.8 0.8

Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing

418.5 423.1 424.2 419.8 418.9 422.9 422.1 420.9 -1.2

Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing

30.2 32.7 32.5 32.5 30.7 32.3 32.2 32.8 0.6

Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing

395.0 404.5 403.9 405.5 396.8 405.1 405.3 407.1 1.8

Transportation equipment manufacturing(1)

1,680.8 1,772.0 1,791.2 1,765.8 1,687.7 1,766.8 1,781.8 1,773.4 -8.4

Motor vehicles and parts(2)

988.8 1,044.4 1,059.2 1,036.9 991.7 1,038.6 1,047.6 1,041.1 -6.5

Furniture and related product manufacturing

377.9 375.9 373.6 368.7 380.8 376.6 373.6 373.1 -0.5

Miscellaneous manufacturing

617.9 634.8 634.5 631.2 622.9 634.9 634.6 636.0 1.4

Nondurable goods

4,715 4,902 4,882 4,843 4,768 4,895 4,882 4,897 15

Food manufacturing

1,648.9 1,719.7 1,726.1 1,708.9 1,667.6 1,714.5 1,719.3 1,726.2 6.9

Textile mills

97.8 96.6 96.1 96.4 98.7 96.5 96.2 97.1 0.9

Textile product mills

105.2 102.7 102.3 103.0 105.7 102.8 102.6 103.3 0.7

Apparel manufacturing

90.3 94.7 92.8 93.2 92.6 93.8 92.7 94.8 2.1

Paper manufacturing

355.3 360.7 358.9 359.9 355.3 360.9 359.3 360.1 0.8

Printing and related support activities

372.7 384.3 385.0 378.6 376.1 381.2 381.6 381.8 0.2

Petroleum and coal products manufacturing

98.6 106.8 102.0 99.9 102.5 106.1 103.9 103.9 0.0

Chemical manufacturing

885.1 921.9 915.5 907.2 889.1 922.0 915.6 912.1 -3.5

Plastics and rubber products manufacturing

737.1 757.0 755.4 749.4 742.8 759.7 755.8 757.0 1.2

Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing

324.3 357.4 347.6 346.0 337.9 357.0 355.4 360.4 5.0

Private service-providing

105,663 111,365 111,370 109,522 107,246 110,547 110,773 111,170 397

Trade, transportation, and utilities

28,241 29,272 29,504 28,758 28,289 28,731 28,756 28,819 63

Wholesale trade

5,809.3 6,023.1 6,032.5 5,993.0 5,854.7 6,019.2 6,029.7 6,041.0 11.3

Merchant wholesalers, durable goods

3,207.4 3,320.2 3,330.8 3,322.1 3,225.8 3,324.2 3,331.6 3,341.9 10.3

Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods

2,106.1 2,176.4 2,175.9 2,149.4 2,131.0 2,170.8 2,174.2 2,174.5 0.3

Wholesale trade agents and brokers

495.8 526.5 525.8 521.5 497.9 524.2 523.9 524.6 0.7

Retail trade

15,361.4 15,765.7 15,866.4 15,449.5 15,395.3 15,451.1 15,452.5 15,482.6 30.1

Motor vehicle and parts dealers

1,962.0 2,024.4 2,019.6 2,004.1 1,985.9 2,025.4 2,026.8 2,028.5 1.7

Automobile dealers

1,234.1 1,260.8 1,257.3 1,249.3 1,243.7 1,261.2 1,260.1 1,259.8 -0.3

Other motor vehicle dealers

163.3 174.7 172.7 168.8 173.4 178.4 178.7 179.2 0.5

Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers

564.6 588.9 589.6 586.0 568.8 585.8 588.0 589.5 1.5

Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers

1,363.5 1,395.0 1,385.1 1,357.6 1,421.9 1,421.8 1,419.5 1,417.0 -2.5

Food and beverage retailers

3,137.8 3,244.1 3,260.6 3,213.4 3,154.9 3,219.3 3,227.1 3,228.9 1.8

Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers

921.4 900.6 906.5 885.5 918.4 881.2 879.3 886.2 6.9

Furniture and home furnishings retailers

466.4 458.4 462.6 451.5 458.8 447.3 447.5 445.4 -2.1

Electronics and appliance retailers

455.0 442.2 443.9 434.0 448.7 425.7 426.6 428.2 1.6

General merchandise retailers

3,192.9 3,228.4 3,269.0 3,126.8 3,124.8 3,051.8 3,041.6 3,057.6 16.0

Department stores

982.0 1,009.8 1,038.0 956.7 940.2 915.7 910.4 915.3 4.9

Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers

2,210.9 2,218.6 2,231.0 2,170.1 2,184.5 2,136.1 2,131.2 2,142.3 11.1

Health and personal care retailers

1,123.6 1,131.9 1,139.5 1,119.9 1,111.6 1,110.4 1,113.5 1,107.9 -5.6

Gasoline stations and fuel dealers

1,009.0 1,052.8 1,055.5 1,049.4 1,018.2 1,051.1 1,055.2 1,058.9 3.7

Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers

1,144.6 1,204.0 1,239.2 1,171.4 1,133.5 1,151.0 1,150.7 1,158.1 7.4

Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers

1,506.6 1,584.5 1,591.4 1,521.4 1,526.1 1,539.1 1,538.8 1,539.5 0.7

Transportation and warehousing

6,520.8 6,926.8 7,049.9 6,761.3 6,489.2 6,704.6 6,717.6 6,740.5 22.9

Air transportation

476.8 519.3 520.5 521.7 481.4 520.7 523.8 526.6 2.8

Rail transportation

143.3 148.4 148.7 148.7 144.0 148.4 148.9 149.4 0.5

Water transportation

57.8 63.3 64.5 62.8 60.3 64.8 65.6 65.9 0.3

Truck transportation

1,533.4 1,616.4 1,610.3 1,590.5 1,557.4 1,605.5 1,610.6 1,614.7 4.1

Transit and ground passenger transportation

404.0 439.6 444.1 444.0 398.4 422.7 429.8 437.2 7.4

Pipeline transportation

50.5 48.2 48.1 47.6 51.0 48.2 47.9 48.2 0.3

Scenic and sightseeing transportation

23.2 28.9 27.5 27.4 29.6 32.0 31.9 33.1 1.2

Support activities for transportation

765.2 814.1 820.2 813.9 769.0 805.7 810.5 817.0 6.5

Couriers and messengers

1,185.1 1,263.8 1,385.3 1,164.5 1,120.3 1,121.0 1,111.5 1,108.4 -3.1

Warehousing and storage

1,881.5 1,984.8 1,980.7 1,940.2 1,877.8 1,935.6 1,937.1 1,940.0 2.9

Utilities

549.3 555.9 555.5 553.7 550.2 556.0 555.9 555.2 -0.7

Information

2,943 3,145 3,135 3,069 2,985 3,129 3,124 3,119 -5

Motion picture and sound recording industries

412.5 487.7 469.1 432.9 443.1 477.8 465.9 465.9 0.0

Publishing industries

907.7 954.3 955.5 945.3 911.3 953.5 953.9 952.6 -1.3

Broadcasting and content providers

350.3 359.3 358.7 351.9 353.1 357.3 358.6 355.9 -2.7

Telecommunications

655.3 662.3 661.6 653.7 657.3 661.2 658.1 656.7 -1.4

Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services

440.6 480.9 489.6 484.1 442.6 479.7 486.2 485.2 -1.0

Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services

176.1 200.8 200.8 200.6 177.4 199.8 201.6 202.5 0.9

Financial activities

8,883 9,116 9,136 9,056 8,941 9,097 9,108 9,114 6

Finance and insurance

6,600.2 6,710.0 6,720.9 6,685.8 6,613.8 6,697.0 6,698.0 6,699.1 1.1

Monetary authorities-central bank

20.9 21.7 21.8 21.7 21.0 21.8 21.8 21.8 0.0

Credit intermediation and related
activities

2,700.3 2,684.3 2,686.3 2,680.4 2,701.4 2,685.2 2,683.4 2,682.8 -0.6

Depository credit intermediation(1)

1,750.3 1,779.4 1,784.8 1,783.1 1,750.3 1,780.8 1,783.3 1,783.2 -0.1

Commercial banking

1,363.0 1,374.4 1,376.8 1,375.9 1,362.5 1,376.1 1,376.5 1,375.8 -0.7

Nondepository credit intermediation

614.3 581.6 579.8 577.6 616.2 581.1 578.5 580.1 1.6

Activities related to credit intermediation

335.7 323.3 321.7 319.7 334.9 323.3 321.6 319.5 -2.1

Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities

1,012.7 1,070.9 1,073.4 1,073.0 1,019.1 1,068.1 1,071.0 1,077.8 6.8

Insurance carriers and related activities

2,866.3 2,933.1 2,939.4 2,910.7 2,872.3 2,921.9 2,921.8 2,916.7 -5.1

Real estate and rental and leasing

2,282.4 2,405.7 2,415.1 2,370.1 2,327.0 2,399.8 2,410.4 2,414.5 4.1

Real estate

1,761.3 1,850.6 1,855.1 1,829.1 1,788.1 1,841.9 1,847.0 1,855.8 8.8

Rental and leasing services

499.6 532.4 537.2 519.1 516.9 535.4 540.9 536.4 -4.5

Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works)

21.5 22.7 22.8 21.9 22.0 22.5 22.5 22.3 -0.2

Professional and business services

21,786 23,028 22,901 22,493 22,164 22,791 22,830 22,912 82

Professional, scientific, and technical services

10,225.7 10,714.5 10,744.1 10,710.7 10,263.5 10,684.8 10,713.1 10,754.4 41.3

Legal services

1,164.2 1,186.8 1,189.7 1,177.9 1,170.2 1,180.1 1,181.5 1,183.9 2.4

Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services

1,109.4 1,109.3 1,129.1 1,167.2 1,077.6 1,133.0 1,131.2 1,138.6 7.4

Architectural, engineering, and related services

1,554.7 1,643.9 1,644.4 1,629.6 1,575.1 1,638.9 1,644.3 1,650.6 6.3

Specialized design services

143.9 156.6 159.1 156.1 146.6 154.9 157.1 158.3 1.2

Computer systems design and related services

2,400.9 2,504.3 2,490.3 2,488.3 2,405.1 2,489.6 2,492.9 2,493.5 0.6

Management, scientific, and technical consulting services

1,721.3 1,841.2 1,850.0 1,838.3 1,733.9 1,823.2 1,833.2 1,851.1 17.9

Scientific research and development services

856.1 910.4 915.0 908.8 862.5 910.7 913.9 916.8 2.9

Advertising, public relations, and related services

461.5 493.5 493.8 487.2 469.0 493.6 493.4 494.8 1.4

Other professional, scientific, and technical services

813.7 868.5 872.7 857.3 823.4 860.9 865.6 866.9 1.3

Management of companies and enterprises

2,451.8 2,509.8 2,524.2 2,503.7 2,460.2 2,507.9 2,515.7 2,513.2 -2.5

Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services

9,108.0 9,804.1 9,632.3 9,278.1 9,440.6 9,598.0 9,601.3 9,644.5 43.2

Administrative and support services

8,650.9 9,315.6 9,147.9 8,798.4 8,976.7 9,114.0 9,117.7 9,155.4 37.7

Office administrative services

562.7 609.5 609.7 607.1 569.2 609.0 612.6 615.2 2.6

Facilities support services

154.5 159.2 158.3 158.8 154.5 157.9 158.0 158.9 0.9

Employment services(1)

3,728.2 4,023.9 3,946.6 3,732.1 3,841.4 3,875.9 3,860.0 3,877.4 17.4

Temporary help services

2,998.1 3,222.3 3,149.0 2,964.2 3,091.3 3,092.9 3,052.0 3,077.9 25.9

Business support services

821.2 785.0 785.4 781.0 815.7 765.6 767.3 774.3 7.0

Travel arrangement and reservation services

156.5 176.5 179.3 178.7 161.0 177.2 181.5 183.0 1.5

Investigation and security services

924.5 976.5 978.9 967.8 936.9 969.4 971.8 979.5 7.7

Services to buildings and dwellings

1,995.1 2,245.6 2,150.6 2,044.8 2,180.9 2,220.8 2,224.0 2,228.3 4.3

Other support services

308.2 339.4 339.1 328.1 317.0 338.2 342.4 338.7 -3.7

Waste management and remediation services

457.1 488.5 484.4 479.7 463.9 484.0 483.6 489.1 5.5

Private education and health services

23,694 25,024 24,966 24,744 23,887 24,756 24,832 24,937 105

Private educational services

3,604.9 4,043.1 3,922.8 3,760.7 3,719.6 3,859.2 3,854.7 3,880.5 25.8

Health care and social assistance

20,089.2 20,981.2 21,043.6 20,983.6 20,167.7 20,897.1 20,977.4 21,056.6 79.2

Health care(3)

15,979.9 16,607.0 16,662.7 16,602.8 16,037.3 16,543.3 16,596.2 16,654.4 58.2

Ambulatory health care services

7,937.5 8,288.3 8,314.6 8,273.1 7,976.4 8,250.3 8,278.0 8,307.9 29.9

Offices of physicians

2,754.3 2,860.1 2,877.0 2,860.4 2,767.6 2,847.4 2,858.9 2,870.0 11.1

Offices of dentists

1,003.7 1,033.8 1,031.3 1,026.8 1,004.9 1,029.2 1,031.2 1,028.5 -2.7

Offices of other health practitioners

1,046.8 1,114.0 1,114.7 1,108.3 1,052.1 1,108.8 1,110.3 1,114.7 4.4

Outpatient care centers

1,011.2 1,054.6 1,057.9 1,056.9 1,014.1 1,051.3 1,052.7 1,059.4 6.7

Medical and diagnostic laboratories

316.1 320.8 321.1 322.3 316.4 320.4 320.3 322.3 2.0

Home health care services

1,488.3 1,570.2 1,576.3 1,562.5 1,502.3 1,558.9 1,569.4 1,575.8 6.4

Other ambulatory health care services

317.1 334.8 336.3 335.9 319.0 334.4 335.2 337.1 1.9

Hospitals

5,092.3 5,247.3 5,262.7 5,245.6 5,099.7 5,229.3 5,243.4 5,254.3 10.9

Nursing and residential care facilities

2,950.1 3,071.4 3,085.4 3,084.1 2,961.2 3,063.7 3,074.8 3,092.2 17.4

Skilled nursing care facilities

1,341.2 1,375.1 1,382.9 1,379.2 1,344.5 1,369.6 1,375.6 1,380.1 4.5

Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities

592.3 620.5 623.4 621.1 595.8 619.7 622.2 625.0 2.8

Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly

866.8 920.8 925.2 928.3 870.0 920.0 922.3 930.7 8.4

Other residential care facilities

149.8 155.0 153.9 155.5 150.8 154.4 154.7 156.3 1.6

Social assistance

4,109.3 4,374.2 4,380.9 4,380.8 4,130.4 4,353.8 4,381.2 4,402.2 21.0

Individual and family services

2,725.1 2,905.9 2,912.9 2,912.6 2,734.7 2,895.9 2,913.1 2,922.7 9.6

Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services

196.4 207.1 210.1 209.6 196.8 206.2 208.1 209.4 1.3

Vocational rehabilitation services

266.0 273.1 274.1 272.9 271.7 272.6 274.9 277.9 3.0

Child care services

921.8 988.1 983.8 985.7 927.2 979.0 985.1 992.2 7.1

Leisure and hospitality

14,592 15,998 15,948 15,657 15,374 16,258 16,322 16,450 128

Arts, entertainment, and recreation

1,954.4 2,248.5 2,240.9 2,154.1 2,212.7 2,380.2 2,400.2 2,415.0 14.8

Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries

402.7 495.4 488.2 453.4 464.6 510.3 514.6 516.7 2.1

Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions

137.7 164.5 161.6 152.9 150.9 165.5 164.9 166.4 1.5

Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries

1,414.0 1,588.6 1,591.1 1,547.8 1,597.2 1,704.4 1,720.7 1,731.9 11.2

Accommodation and food services

12,637.4 13,749.3 13,707.1 13,503.1 13,161.0 13,877.6 13,921.6 14,035.0 113.4

Accommodation

1,578.9 1,772.7 1,770.8 1,749.9 1,690.4 1,834.5 1,846.9 1,861.7 14.8

Food services and drinking places

11,058.5 11,976.6 11,936.3 11,753.2 11,470.6 12,043.1 12,074.7 12,173.3 98.6

Other services

5,524 5,782 5,780 5,745 5,606 5,785 5,801 5,819 18

Repair and maintenance

1,343.7 1,418.7 1,410.8 1,407.6 1,360.4 1,414.1 1,418.2 1,422.6 4.4

Personal and laundry services

1,413.4 1,515.5 1,522.3 1,507.6 1,442.4 1,517.9 1,522.7 1,531.1 8.4

Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations

2,766.5 2,847.6 2,846.8 2,830.0 2,803.6 2,853.2 2,859.7 2,865.7 6.0

Government

21,939 22,776 22,601 22,262 22,075 22,324 22,315 22,389 74

Federal

2,864 2,884 2,891 2,869 2,874 2,873 2,873 2,878 5

Federal, except U.S. Postal Service

2,253.9 2,281.0 2,279.2 2,269.9 2,266.1 2,276.5 2,278.6 2,281.6 3.0

U.S. Postal Service

610.2 603.2 611.7 599.2 607.8 596.6 594.7 596.6 1.9

State government

4,998 5,290 5,165 5,012 5,101 5,116 5,078 5,117 39

State government education

2,369.6 2,633.8 2,509.1 2,355.9 2,457.3 2,453.1 2,412.2 2,446.9 34.7

State government, excluding education

2,628.8 2,656.3 2,656.3 2,655.8 2,643.8 2,663.2 2,665.7 2,670.1 4.4

Local government

14,077 14,602 14,545 14,381 14,100 14,335 14,364 14,394 30

Local government education

7,842.0 8,136.0 8,118.4 7,994.6 7,735.8 7,848.3 7,864.6 7,881.9 17.3

Local government, excluding education

6,235.3 6,466.3 6,426.1 6,386.3 6,364.3 6,486.6 6,499.3 6,512.0 12.7

Footnotes
(1) Includes other industries, not shown separately.
(2) Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
(3) Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.6 34.5 34.4 34.7

Goods-producing

39.8 39.8 39.7 40.2

Mining and logging

44.7 46.3 45.6 46.5

Construction

38.7 38.5 38.6 39.2

Manufacturing

40.3 40.2 40.1 40.5

Durable goods

40.7 40.6 40.6 40.9

Nondurable goods

39.7 39.6 39.4 39.8

Private service-providing

33.6 33.4 33.4 33.6

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.2 34.2 34.2 34.3

Wholesale trade

39.1 38.8 38.8 39.0

Retail trade

30.4 30.3 30.3 30.3

Transportation and warehousing

37.9 38.4 38.4 38.8

Utilities

42.6 42.1 41.7 41.3

Information

36.9 36.7 36.4 36.5

Financial activities

37.5 37.4 37.3 37.5

Professional and business services

36.7 36.5 36.4 36.7

Private education and health services

33.4 33.4 33.3 33.5

Leisure and hospitality

25.9 25.5 25.3 25.8

Other services

32.2 32.2 32.3 32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

3.3 3.1 3.0 3.1

Durable goods

3.3 3.2 3.1 3.1

Nondurable goods

3.4 2.9 2.8 3.0

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)

Total private

$31.63 $32.80 $32.93 $33.03 $1,094.40 $1,131.60 $1,132.79 $1,146.14

Goods-producing

31.90 33.00 33.11 33.24 1,269.62 1,313.40 1,314.47 1,336.25

Mining and logging

35.32 36.45 36.68 36.85 1,578.80 1,687.64 1,672.61 1,713.53

Construction

33.89 35.43 35.60 35.75 1,311.54 1,364.06 1,374.16 1,401.40

Manufacturing

30.58 31.40 31.46 31.57 1,232.37 1,262.28 1,261.55 1,278.59

Durable goods

32.18 32.98 32.94 33.04 1,309.73 1,338.99 1,337.36 1,351.34

Nondurable goods

27.88 28.74 28.93 29.07 1,106.84 1,138.10 1,139.84 1,156.99

Private service-providing

31.56 32.76 32.89 32.98 1,060.42 1,094.18 1,098.53 1,108.13

Trade, transportation, and utilities

27.16 28.17 28.22 28.35 928.87 963.41 965.12 972.41

Wholesale trade

34.49 35.68 35.89 36.26 1,348.56 1,384.38 1,392.53 1,414.14

Retail trade

22.56 23.46 23.44 23.53 685.82 710.84 710.23 712.96

Transportation and warehousing

27.24 28.11 28.11 28.08 1,032.40 1,079.42 1,079.42 1,089.50

Utilities

46.41 48.14 48.47 48.88 1,977.07 2,026.69 2,021.20 2,018.74

Information

45.14 47.46 47.73 47.78 1,665.67 1,741.78 1,737.37 1,743.97

Financial activities

40.88 42.13 42.40 42.48 1,533.00 1,575.66 1,581.52 1,593.00

Professional and business services

37.92 39.40 39.55 39.64 1,391.66 1,438.10 1,439.62 1,454.79

Private education and health services

31.40 32.47 32.64 32.80 1,048.76 1,084.50 1,086.91 1,098.80

Leisure and hospitality

19.42 20.61 20.77 20.78 502.98 525.56 525.48 536.12

Other services

28.44 29.41 29.43 29.62 915.77 947.00 950.59 956.73

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(1) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(2)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2022 - Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2022 - Jan.
2023(p)

Total private

111.2 114.3 114.2 115.6 1.2 168.2 179.2 179.8 182.5 1.5

Goods-producing

94.2 97.1 97.1 98.5 1.4 135.9 144.9 145.3 148.0 1.9

Mining and logging

81.2 90.8 90.1 92.2 2.3 115.1 132.9 132.7 136.4 2.8

Construction

101.3 104.0 104.6 106.5 1.8 149.1 160.0 161.8 165.5 2.3

Manufacturing

91.5 93.8 93.6 94.7 1.2 130.1 136.9 137.0 139.0 1.5

Durable goods

89.9 92.3 92.6 93.3 0.8 128.5 135.2 135.4 136.9 1.1

Nondurable goods

94.5 96.8 96.0 97.3 1.4 133.7 141.1 140.9 143.5 1.8

Private service-providing

116.0 118.9 119.1 120.3 1.0 178.0 189.3 190.4 192.8 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

105.7 107.4 107.5 108.0 0.5 154.8 163.1 163.5 165.1 1.0

Wholesale trade

101.0 103.0 103.2 103.9 0.7 145.7 153.8 154.9 157.6 1.7

Retail trade

95.3 95.3 95.3 95.5 0.2 142.1 147.8 147.7 148.6 0.6

Transportation and warehousing

141.3 147.9 148.2 150.3 1.4 195.8 211.5 212.0 214.7 1.3

Utilities

101.4 101.3 100.3 99.2 -1.1 155.5 161.1 160.6 160.2 -0.2

Information

100.6 104.9 103.9 104.0 0.1 161.7 177.2 176.5 176.9 0.2

Financial activities

109.8 111.5 111.3 112.0 0.6 175.1 183.1 184.0 185.5 0.8

Professional and business services

127.3 130.1 130.0 131.6 1.2 195.5 207.7 208.3 211.2 1.4

Private education and health services

130.3 135.0 135.0 136.4 1.0 196.8 210.9 212.0 215.2 1.5

Leisure and hospitality

113.6 118.3 117.8 121.1 2.8 178.0 196.7 197.4 203.0 2.8

Other services

104.1 107.4 108.0 108.4 0.4 162.2 173.1 174.3 175.9 0.9

Footnotes
(1) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Industry Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)

Total nonfarm

74,640 76,844 76,989 77,252 49.7 49.8 49.8 49.8

Total private

61,844 63,848 63,976 64,205 48.3 48.4 48.4 48.4

Goods-producing

4,738 4,955 4,963 4,966 22.8 23.1 23.1 23.1

Mining and logging

74 80 81 83 12.8 12.8 12.9 13.2

Construction

1,059 1,110 1,111 1,113 14.0 14.2 14.1 14.1

Manufacturing

3,605 3,765 3,771 3,770 28.6 29.0 29.1 29.0

Durable goods

1,914 2,008 2,016 2,014 24.4 24.9 24.9 24.9

Nondurable goods

1,691 1,757 1,755 1,756 35.5 35.9 35.9 35.9

Private service-providing

57,106 58,893 59,013 59,239 53.2 53.3 53.3 53.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

11,146 11,309 11,328 11,348 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4

Wholesale trade

1,769.9 1,833.5 1,845.4 1,849.6 30.2 30.5 30.6 30.6

Retail trade

7,505.1 7,504.3 7,513.0 7,520.4 48.7 48.6 48.6 48.6

Transportation and warehousing

1,733.1 1,828.7 1,825.1 1,833.2 26.7 27.3 27.2 27.2

Utilities

137.8 142.8 144.1 144.8 25.0 25.7 25.9 26.1

Information

1,179 1,262 1,268 1,274 39.5 40.3 40.6 40.8

Financial activities

4,997 5,069 5,074 5,082 55.9 55.7 55.7 55.8

Professional and business services

10,284 10,508 10,504 10,553 46.4 46.1 46.0 46.1

Private education and health services

18,350 19,059 19,113 19,174 76.8 77.0 77.0 76.9

Leisure and hospitality

8,142 8,595 8,615 8,684 53.0 52.9 52.8 52.8

Other services

3,008 3,091 3,111 3,124 53.7 53.4 53.6 53.7

Government

12,796 12,996 13,013 13,047 58.0 58.2 58.3 58.3

Footnotes
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[In thousands]
Industry Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)

Total private

104,319 107,392 107,544 108,023

Goods-producing

14,882 15,370 15,398 15,439

Mining and logging

435 467 472 478

Construction

5,630 5,789 5,803 5,822

Manufacturing

8,817 9,114 9,123 9,139

Durable goods

5,414 5,608 5,623 5,631

Nondurable goods

3,403 3,506 3,500 3,508

Private service-providing

89,437 92,022 92,146 92,584

Trade, transportation, and utilities

23,851 24,183 24,199 24,256

Wholesale trade

4,662.1 4,778.0 4,793.8 4,802.4

Retail trade

13,092.6 13,119.4 13,124.7 13,146.1

Transportation and warehousing

5,658.4 5,843.5 5,839.1 5,865.9

Utilities

437.8 442.2 441.7 442.0

Information

2,374 2,488 2,486 2,478

Financial activities

6,714 6,857 6,850 6,860

Professional and business services

17,760 18,171 18,125 18,214

Private education and health services

20,852 21,534 21,611 21,730

Leisure and hospitality

13,344 14,086 14,155 14,312

Other services

4,542 4,703 4,720 4,734

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS

Total private

34.0 33.9 33.9 34.1

Goods-producing

40.6 40.4 40.3 40.8

Mining and logging

46.3 47.3 46.8 48.6

Construction

39.5 39.2 39.4 39.9

Manufacturing

41.1 40.8 40.6 40.9

Durable goods

41.3 41.1 41.0 41.2

Nondurable goods

40.8 40.4 40.1 40.5

Private service-providing

32.9 32.9 32.8 33.0

Trade, transportation, and utilities

34.1 34.2 34.0 34.5

Wholesale trade

39.1 38.9 38.7 39.0

Retail trade

30.4 30.5 30.2 30.8

Transportation and warehousing

37.7 37.9 38.0 38.3

Utilities

42.5 42.7 42.6 42.6

Information

36.7 36.5 36.0 36.1

Financial activities

37.3 37.0 37.0 37.0

Professional and business services

36.3 36.3 36.3 36.6

Private education and health services

32.5 32.6 32.6 32.7

Leisure and hospitality

24.7 24.5 24.4 24.6

Other services

31.2 31.1 31.2 31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS

Manufacturing

4.2 3.7 3.6 3.8

Durable goods

4.2 3.9 3.8 3.8

Nondurable goods

4.1 3.5 3.4 3.7

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
Industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)

Total private

$26.88 $28.09 $28.19 $28.26 $913.92 $952.25 $955.64 $963.67

Goods-producing

27.32 28.58 28.70 28.92 1,109.19 1,154.63 1,156.61 1,179.94

Mining and logging

31.87 33.26 33.57 33.94 1,475.58 1,573.20 1,571.08 1,649.48

Construction

31.44 33.00 33.20 33.38 1,241.88 1,293.60 1,308.08 1,331.86

Manufacturing

24.54 25.60 25.64 25.84 1,008.59 1,044.48 1,040.98 1,056.86

Durable goods

25.62 26.87 26.78 26.94 1,058.11 1,104.36 1,097.98 1,109.93

Nondurable goods

22.79 23.53 23.76 24.05 929.83 950.61 952.78 974.03

Private service-providing

26.79 27.99 28.08 28.12 881.39 920.87 921.02 927.96

Trade, transportation, and utilities

23.40 24.47 24.52 24.58 797.94 836.87 833.68 848.01

Wholesale trade

28.53 29.76 29.93 29.93 1,115.52 1,157.66 1,158.29 1,167.27

Retail trade

19.31 20.04 20.08 20.19 587.02 611.22 606.42 621.85

Transportation and warehousing

25.10 26.44 26.32 26.46 946.27 1,002.08 1,000.16 1,013.42

Utilities

41.28 43.09 43.39 43.44 1,754.40 1,839.94 1,848.41 1,850.54

Information

37.44 38.56 38.78 38.73 1,374.05 1,407.44 1,396.08 1,398.15

Financial activities

31.17 32.75 32.92 32.97 1,162.64 1,211.75 1,218.04 1,219.89

Professional and business services

31.87 33.13 33.26 33.35 1,156.88 1,202.62 1,207.34 1,220.61

Private education and health services

28.32 29.57 29.66 29.80 920.40 963.98 966.92 974.46

Leisure and hospitality

16.98 18.24 18.35 18.21 419.41 446.88 447.74 447.97

Other services

24.35 25.26 25.31 25.39 759.72 785.59 789.67 794.71

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted(1)
[2002=100]
Industry Index of aggregate weekly hours(2) Index of aggregate weekly payrolls(3)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2022 - Jan.
2023(p)
Jan.
2022
Nov.
2022
Dec.
2022(p)
Jan.
2023(p)
Percent change from:
Dec.
2022 - Jan.
2023(p)

Total private

118.2 121.3 121.5 122.7 1.0 212.3 227.8 228.9 231.8 1.3

Goods-producing

92.3 94.9 94.8 96.3 1.6 154.5 166.1 166.6 170.5 2.3

Mining and logging

107.0 117.4 117.4 123.5 5.2 198.4 227.1 229.2 243.7 6.3

Construction

111.3 113.6 114.5 116.3 1.6 189.0 202.5 205.2 209.6 2.1

Manufacturing

83.2 85.4 85.0 85.8 0.9 133.5 142.9 142.6 145.0 1.7

Durable goods

84.0 86.6 86.6 87.2 0.7 134.4 145.3 144.8 146.6 1.2

Nondurable goods

81.8 83.5 82.7 83.7 1.2 131.7 138.8 138.8 142.3 2.5

Private service-providing

125.4 129.0 128.8 130.2 1.1 230.4 247.6 248.0 251.1 1.3

Trade, transportation, and utilities

113.8 115.8 115.2 117.1 1.6 190.4 202.5 201.8 205.8 2.0

Wholesale trade

108.2 110.3 110.1 111.2 1.0 182.2 193.8 194.5 196.4 1.0

Retail trade

100.9 101.5 100.5 102.7 2.2 167.1 174.3 173.0 177.7 2.7

Transportation and warehousing

161.4 167.6 167.9 170.0 1.3 257.9 282.1 281.3 286.4 1.8

Utilities

95.2 96.6 96.2 96.3 0.1 164.0 173.7 174.3 174.6 0.2

Information

99.4 103.7 102.2 102.1 -0.1 184.3 197.9 196.1 195.8 -0.2

Financial activities

117.9 119.4 119.3 119.5 0.2 226.0 240.6 241.6 242.3 0.3

Professional and business services

143.9 147.2 146.9 148.8 1.3 272.8 290.2 290.6 295.2 1.6

Private education and health services

144.5 149.7 150.2 151.5 0.9 270.1 292.1 294.1 298.0 1.3

Leisure and hospitality

120.7 126.4 126.5 129.0 2.0 232.8 261.8 263.6 266.7 1.2

Other services

99.4 102.6 103.3 103.9 0.6 176.3 188.8 190.5 192.2 0.9

Footnotes
(1) Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls.
(2) The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
(3) The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
(p) Preliminary

NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.


Last Modified Date: February 03, 2023